![]() ![]() The support for long options was added in 2013.īesides authenticating, you need something for sudo to do, e.g., a command. If the invoking user is already root the -V option will display the arguments passed to configure when sudo was built and plugins may display more verbose information such as default options. Print the sudo version string as well as the version string of the security policy plugin and any I/O plugins. Other security policies may not support this.īut sudo has been under development a long time. The sudoers policy allows UIDs that are not in the password database as long as the targetpw option is not set. Some security policies may restrict UIDs to those listed in the password database. ![]() When running commands as a UID, many shells require that the ‘#’ be escaped with a backslash (‘\’). The user may be either a user name or a numeric user ID (UID) prefixed with the ‘#’ character (e.g. Run the command as a user other than the default target user (usually root). The password must be followed by a newline character. Write the prompt to the standard error and read the password from the standard input instead of using the terminal device. I just wanted to let you know about the Ubuntu convention of preferring sudo instead and let you know that there is an alternative.Sudo does not have an option to specify the password, but you can still do the authentication on the command line, like this: echo password | sudo -u root -stdin ![]() Just to clarify, you can, if you choose, give the root user a password allowing logins as root, if you specifically want to do things this way instead. It's a good security principle not to stay as a superuser for longer than necessary, just to lessen the possibility of accidentally causing some damage to the system (without it, you can only damage files your user owns). However when doing so you just need to be aware that you are acting as a superuser for every command. and this can still be done without any root password, because sudo gives superuser privileges to the su command.Īnd similarly, instead of su - for a login shell you can use sudo su - or even sudo -i. With sudo, you still have the option of opening a permanent (interactive) superuser shell with the command: sudo su This can lead to people staying in the superuser shell for longer than necessary just because it's more convenient than logging out and in again later. With su, you permanently drop to a superuser shell which must be exited using exit or logout. Sudo makes it easier to perform a single command with superuser privileges. Instead, an attacker would need to know a local account name. Not having a root password makes brute force attacks on the root account impossible: this is relevant if you allow login over SSH. And lastly, if there is a security breach it can in some cases leave a better audit trail showing which user account was compromised. You can even choose which commands a user is allowed to perform using sudo and which commands are forbidden for that user. If you have multiple users, you can revoke one's superuser access just by removing their sudo permission, without needing to change the root password and notify everyone of a new password. There is no need for them to remember a root password, as they use their own password. With sudo, you choose in advance which users have sudo access. You will see the above usage of sudo pretty much anywhere you read a tutorial about Ubuntu on the web. This is remembered for a few minutes so if you have a few tasks to do with sudo it will only ask you for your password on the first. For instance, to run apt-get dist-upgrade as a superuser, you could use: sudo apt-get dist-upgradeīy default, sudo will ask you for your own account password when performing this. In a default Ubuntu install the person who installed the OS is given "sudo" permission by default.Īnybody with "sudo" permission may perform something "as a superuser" by pre-pending sudo to their command. Sudo is an alternative to giving people a root password in order to perform superuser duties. However, the two passwords are not the same (I don't know how to log in to su root ). I had hoped to avoid doing this throughout the day, by typing su root and providing the same password I usually do for sudo. While you can create a password for the root account allowing you to log in as root with su, there are some distinct benefits to using sudo. 13 On my personal machine, I often type sudo in front of certain commands in order to accomplish administrative tasks. Instead you are given the ability to perform tasks with superuser privileges using sudo. By default the Ubuntu installer does not set up a root password and therefore you don't get the ability to log in as root. ![]()
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